How does SARS-CoV-2 evade the immune defences?

As most of pathogens, SARS-CoV-2 can be recognized by pattern recognition receptors on innate. Normally, this recognition helps the innate immunity to eliminate the infection or to activate the adaptive immune responses, however, SARS-CoV-2 can use its proteins such as M, N, NSP1 and PLpro to interfere with these pathways.

NIH researchers find that the SARS-CoV-2 Nsp15's uridine cleavage can evade the immune response

Understanding SARS-CoV-2 antibody binding

SARS-CoV-2 learned the 'Alpha'bet of immune evasion

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron escapes immune response due to high ACE2 affinity and low antibody specificity

Beyond Shielding: The Roles of Glycans in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein

Study shows how SARS-CoV-2 Omicron evades our immune response and remains infective

Covid-19 Immune Response Could Be Long Lasting, but Variants Present Risks - WSJ

Immune evasion of SARS-CoV-2 from interferon antiviral system - ScienceDirect

Innate immune sensing of coronavirus and viral evasion strategies

Natural Killer Cells: Taking on SARS-CoV-2

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5: Evolving tropism and evasion of potent humoral responses and resistance to clinical immunotherapeutics relative to viral variants of concern - eBioMedicine

Immune response in COVID-19: addressing a pharmacological challenge by targeting pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2

Virologica Sinica

Innate immune evasion strategies of SARS-CoV-2

Prevention of host-to-host transmission by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines - The Lancet Infectious Diseases