Apnea Testing During Brain Death Assessment: A Review of Clinical Practice and Published Literature
Por um escritor misterioso
Last updated 28 março 2025

The diagnosis of brain death is a complex process. Strong knowledge of neurophysiology and an understanding of brain death etiology must be used to confidently determine brain death. The key findings in brain death are unresponsiveness, and absence of brainstem reflexes in the setting of a devastating neurological injury. These findings are coupled with a series of confirmatory tests, and the diagnosis of brain death is established based on consensus recommendations. The drive to breathe in the setting of an intense ventilatory stimulus (ie, respiratory acidosis) is a critical marker of brainstem function. As a consequence, apnea testing is an important component of brain death assessment. This procedure requires close monitoring of a patient as all ventilator support is temporarily removed and Paco2 levels are allowed to rise. A “positive” test is defined by a total absence of respiratory efforts under these conditions. While apnea testing is not new, it still lacks consensus standardization regarding the actual procedure, monitored parameters, and evidence-based safety measures that may be used to prevent complications. The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of apnea testing and discuss issues related to the administration and safety of the procedure.

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The Physiology of the Apnea Test for Brain Death Determination in ECMO: Arguments for Blending Carbon Dioxide

Apnea testing for the diagnosis of brain death - Lang - 2005 - Acta Neurologica Scandinavica - Wiley Online Library

Apnea Testing During Brain Death Assessment: A Review of Clinical Practice and Published Literature

The apnea test in brain death determination using oxygen diffusion method remains safe

New perspectives on brain death Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

PDF] Apnea Testing During Brain Death Assessment: A Review of Clinical Practice and Published Literature

Critical synopsis and key questions in brain death determination

Improving uniformity in brain death determination policies over time

Potential Threats and Impediments to the Clinical Practice of Brain Death Determination

The use of apnea test and brain death determination in patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A systematic review - ScienceDirect

Prolonged duration of apnea test during brain death examination in a case of intraparenchymal hemorrhage - Premkumar Nattanmai, Christopher R Newey, Ishpreet Singh, Keerthivaas Premkumar, 2017
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